![]() This novel system achieves minimally invasive endoscopic laser treatment with high lesion-selectivity in narrow organs, such as the peripheral lung and coronary arteries. The laser steering trajectory spatially controlled the photothermal effects, vaporization, and coagulation of chicken liver tissue. Unexpected irradiation on the distal irradiated plane due to fiber bundle crosstalk was reduced by selecting the appropriate laser input diameter. Repeated laser steering along set targets demonstrated accurate laser irradiation within a root-mean-square error of 28 \(\mu\)m, and static repeatability such that the laser irradiation position was controlled within a 12 \(\mu\)m radius of dispersion about the mean trajectory. The insertion and operation of the system in a narrow space were demonstrated using an artificial vascular model. The system uses a single fiber bundle to simultaneously acquire endoscopic images and modulate the laser-irradiated area. Herein, we present a novel endoscopic image-guided laser treatment system with a thin tip that can access inside narrow organs. The conventional systems require separate optical paths for endoscopic imaging and laser steering, which limits their application inside narrower organs. The measure of angle ??? is 35 degrees.A miniaturized endoscopic laser system with laser steering has great potential to expand the application of minimally invasive laser treatment for micro-lesions inside narrow organs. So angle ??? is equal to 180 degrees minus 108 degrees minus 37 degrees. Remember, these two angles sit on a straight line with angle ???, which we’re looking to calculate. So now we know the size of angle ??? and the size of angle ???. 540 divided by five which is 108 degrees. Therefore, each interior angle can be found by dividing the sum by five. Which means that all of its interior angles are the same size. The key piece of information given in the question is that ????? is a regular pentagon. Now this is the sum of all of the interior angles in the pentagon, not the size of each individual angle. Therefore, the sum of its interior angles is found by multiplying 180 by three which is 540. Our polygon is a pentagon which has five sides. A key fact about polygons is that the sum of their interior angles can be calculated by multiplying 180 by ? minus two, where ? represents the number of sides in the polygon. Next, let’s think about the angle in the pentagon, angle ???. So angle ??? is 180 degrees minus 79 degrees minus 64 degrees which is 37 degrees. And as we’ve been given the measures of the other two angles, we can calculate the third. Remember, the angle sum in a triangle is always 180 degrees. Let’s think about the angle in the triangle first of all. If we can work out these two other angles, then we can calculate angle ??? using the fact that angles on a straight line sum to 180 degrees. The angle that we’re looking for, angle ???, sits on a straight line with two other angles: angle ??? inside the triangle and angle ??? inside the pentagon. Let’s think about how we’re going to approach this problem. We can see that the diagram consists of a triangle, triangle ???, and then the pentagon ????? which we’re told is regular. So it’s this angle here, marked in orange. ??? is the angle formed when you travel from ? to ? to ?. ![]() ![]() ![]() Given the ????? is a regular pentagon, find the measure of angle ???.įirstly, let’s mark the angle that we’re looking to find on the diagram. ![]()
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